Pandemic
Age-related factors make older adults significantly at risk for becoming seriously ill from viruses, including COVID-19. Underlying health conditions like cancer, heart disease, and a weakened immune system add to the risk for older adults. People with disabilities are also at higher risk.
Quick Tips
- When it comes to COVID-19 or another pandemic, Nevadans should follow the latest guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
- Plan how you’ll communicate if masks or other protective equipment affect your abilities.
- Be prepared to shelter in place for an extended period of time.
Let’s Become Our Own First
Responders…Together
One lesson we learned from the COVID-19 pandemic is that first responders and hospitals encountered many challenges, including lack of space, supplies, and staffing. The public was asked to stay home and save 911 for serious illnesses and true emergencies. We now have the chance to be better prepared in case of another COVID surge or a new pandemic. As a person with a disability, you know your abilities and needs best. With preparation and the support of our communities, we can take proactive steps to become our own first responders…together.
Prepare
Before a Pandemic
The best time to prepare for any disaster is before it happens.
Create a Support Network
Your support network should include two or more people who can help you prepare and check on you in case of a pandemic or other disaster or emergency. It can be family members, friends, roommates, relatives, caregivers, co-workers, members of your place of worship, and neighbors. Don’t depend on only one person.
- Give important keys to trusted support network members and show them where you keep emergency supplies.
- Agree on and practice methods for contacting each other in an emergency. Have a back-up plan in case phones and the internet aren’t working.
- You and your support network should always notify each other about when you’re going out of town and when you’ll return.
- Learn more and use this downloadable form to create a list of your people and their contact information.
Plan to Stay Informed and Connected
Find emergency contact information for your county.
Find emergency contact information for your county.
- When a crisis occurs, local officials use a few methods to alert the public, including sending messages to your cell phone via text and voice, to your landline, and on TV, radio, and social media.
- Speak up and make sure TV stations have plans in place to broadcast all emergency information using closed captioning or other kinds of visual presentation, like open captioning, crawls, or scrolls that appear on the screen.
- Speak up and ask people at local TV news networks to announce important phone numbers slowly and repeat them frequently for people who cannot read the screen.
- Learn how to advocate for yourself.
- Text messages can be accompanied by a unique vibration attention signal (“cadence”) for accessibility. Make sure the accessibility settings on your mobile device are working.
- Plan to monitor local weather and news on TV, radio and social media. If you have a smartphone, download the FEMA and Red Cross emergency apps.
- The National Weather Service recommends having a weather radio in all homes. For those with visual or hearing impairments, you can add attachments like bed shakers or lighted text alerts to your weather radio.
- Consider a call system, such as a medical alert bracelet, that can connect you with emergency services. Make sure your house or apartment number is visible so emergency responders can quickly locate your home.
- Make sure your house or apartment number is visible so emergency responders can quickly locate your home.
- If you’re able, connect with local community groups, such as Community Emergency Response Teams (CERTS), neighborhood watches, or houses of worship.
- If you live in an assisted living community, talk with your community management about how you can prepare for and stay informed during a disaster.
- If it’s difficult for you to follow the news and weather, have someone from your support network keep you updated.
- Learn more about how to get help in an emergency with mobile apps and services from the American Foundation® of the Blind.
- How to contact 911 if you’re deaf or hard of hearing:
- Always contact 911 by making a voice call, if you can.
- Text-to-911 is the ability to send a text message to reach 911 from your mobile phone or device.
- Text-to-911 is only currently available in Clark and Washoe County. If it’s not available in your location, speak up and ask your local call center to accept texts. You can also use a TTY or a telecommunications relay service, if possible.
- Communication Tips:
- Know how to communicate with emergency personnel if there’s no interpreter or if you don’t have your hearing aids.
- Store paper and pens where you can easily find them.
- Use speech-to-text apps on your phone.
- Carry a pre-printed card of important messages with you, such as:
- “I use American Sign Language (ASL) and need an ASL interpreter.”
- “If you make announcements, I will need to have them written or signed.”
- Know how to communicate with emergency personnel if there’s no interpreter or if you don’t have your hearing aids.
Gather Emergency Supplies
Stores might be closed, and it might not be safe to travel.
You can download and print this Emergency Supply Checklist.
- Gather two weeks of supplies, including non-perishable food and water. If possible, have at least a 30-day supply of prescription medications and any medical equipment you might need.
- Try to fill your prescriptions as early as you can. Some health plans allow for a 90-day refill on prescription medications. Consider discussing this option with your healthcare provider.
- Keep extra non-prescription medicine, like pain and fever relievers, antacids, antihistamines, and antidiarrheal medicines.
- Keep extras of any medical supplies you use, such as bandages, ostomy bags, and/or syringes.
- Check out tips and resources for low- and no-cost preparedness. To make this more affordable, buy what you need and slowly build up supplies.
- If you have pets and/or service/support animals, be prepared with food, extra water, ID tags, veterinarian records, pet insurance paperwork, and other supplies they may need.
- Have them microchipped. Make sure to keep your address and phone number updated and include contact information for an emergency contact outside of your immediate area.
- Create an emergency supply kit for your car or for the car of your driver. Include physical maps, jumper cables, emergency flares, a first aid kit, a flashlight, blankets, bottled water, and non-perishable snacks. Keep a full tank of gas.
- Keep your mobile devices and other communication equipment charged, and buy back-up chargers/batteries.
- Keep assistive items and mobility aids (eyeglasses, hearing aids, canes, walkers, wheelchairs, fidget spinners, etc.) and spare batteries/power sources where you can easily find them.
- Label assistive items with your contact information in case they get separated from you.
- Plan how to replace them if they’re not working, lost, or destroyed.
- Keep important documents and emergency information somewhere you can easily find them (list of emergency contact numbers, proof of address, deed/lease to home, passports, birth certificates, insurance policies, etc.)
- Include a list of your prescription medications, including information about your diagnosis, dosage, frequency, medical supply needs, and allergies. Also include the names and contact information of your doctors.
- Include copies of vital medical papers like insurance cards, Medicare cards, and power of attorney.
- Keep a physical map with plans for at least two evacuation routes.
- Purchase N95 masks to protect yourself and others from smoke inhalation.
- Buy security lights, high-powered flashlights or battery-powered lanterns. Buy extra batteries.
- Consider buying a battery-powered or hand-crank radio (weather radio) and extra batteries.
- In the event of a power outage, you may lose access to clean drinking water. Set aside at least one gallon of drinking water per person per day.
Medical Disabilities
- Keep extras of any medical supplies you use, such as bandages, ostomy bags, and/or syringes.
- Keep assistive items and mobility aids (medication organizers, oxygen/breathing and IV/feeding tube equipment, etc.) and spare batteries/power sources where you can easily find them.
- Label assistive items with your contact information in case they get separated from you. Plan how to replace them if they’re not working, lost, or destroyed.
In a disaster, people with special medical needs have extra concerns.
Ventilator Users
- Keep a resuscitation bag handy. The bag delivers air through a mask when squeezed.
Oxygen Users
- Have an emergency supply (enough for at least a two-week period).
- Oxygen tanks should be securely braced so they don’t fall over. Call your medical supply company for bracing instructions.
- If you use breathing equipment, have a two-week supply or more of tubing, solutions, and medications.
- Check with your health care provider to see if you can use a reduced flow rate in an emergency to extend the life of the system.
- Label your equipment with the reduced flow numbers so that you can easily refer to them.
Intravenous (IV) and Feeding Tube Equipment
- Know if your infusion pump has battery back-up, and how long it would last in an emergency.
- Have written operating instructions attached to all equipment.
- Ask your home care provider about manual infusion techniques in case of a power outage.
Wheelchair/Scooter Users
- Keep a pair of heavy gloves in your supply kit to use while wheeling or making your way over debris.
- Keep a small tool bag to repair any damage to the chair.
- Buy a transfer board to help safely move you from your chair in unfamiliar environments.
- Buy a portable air pump for tires. If your chair or scooter doesn’t have puncture-proof tires, keep a patch kit or can of “seal-in-air product” to repair flat tires, or keep an extra supply of inner tubes.
- If you use a seat cushion on your wheelchair or scooter to protect your skin or maintain your balance, buy an extra cushion.
- Purchase an extra battery if possible. Keep batteries charged at all times.
- If you can’t purchase an extra battery, find out what agencies, organizations, or local charitable groups can help you buy one.
- A car battery can be substituted for a wheelchair battery, but this type of battery will not last as long as a wheelchair’s deep-cycle battery. Check with your vendor to see if you’ll be able to charge batteries by either connecting jumper cables to a vehicle battery or by connecting batteries to a specific type of converter that plugs into your vehicle’s cigarette lighter in the event of loss of electricity.
- If you use a motorized wheelchair, have a lightweight manual wheelchair available as a back-up if possible.
Pack a Go Bag
Extreme heat may cause power outages, and you might have to evacuate. Keep essential emergency supplies in an easy-to-carry waterproof Go Bag that you can take with you. Keep your Go Bag somewhere you can easily find it.
- Include your emergency contact list in a watertight container in your Go Bag and on your electronic devices.
- Include over-the-counter and prescription medicines and assistive items (hearing aids, FM system, assistive listening devices, etc.) Include waterproof containers for hearing aids.
- Include over-the-counter and prescription medicines and assistive items/mobility aids (eyeglasses, sunglasses, canes, screen readers, braille devices, etc.)
- Include over-the-counter and prescription medicines and assistive items/mobility aids (wheelchairs, scooters, walkers, canes, etc.)
- Include over-the-counter and prescription medicines and assistive items (things you use every day, like computer or electrical devices to help with memory, attention, or other challenges in thinking skills).
- To make a busy room more calm and comfortable, include:
- A pair of headphones (noise-canceling if possible)
- Handheld electronic devices, charged and loaded with videos and activities
- Comfort snacks
- Include over-the-counter and prescription medicines and assistive items (medication organizers, noise canceling headphones, fidget spinners, etc.)
- Include over-the-counter and prescription medicines and assistive items (medication organizers, oxygen/breathing and IV/feeding tube equipment, etc.) Don’t forget spare batteries/power sources.
- Consider using a rolling suitcase for easy mobility. If you have a walker, wheelchair, or scooter, you may be able to attach your bag to it.
- Include over-the-counter and prescription medicines and assistive items/mobility aids (eyeglasses, hearing aids, canes, walkers, wheelchairs, etc.)
- Don’t forget spare batteries/power sources. (Buy extras of these essential items or make a note to include them in the event of an emergency.)
- Include pre-printed communication cards, pens, and paper.
- Once every 6 months, check that all items in your Go Bag are in good condition and medications or food haven’t expired.
- Remember to make a Go Bag for your pets and/or service/support animals, too. Download and print this Pets and/or Service/Support Animals Go Bag List.
Make an Emergency Plan
Think about your needs
- Learn how diseases spread to help protect yourself and others. Viruses can be spread from person to person, from a non-living object to a person, and by people who are infected but don’t have any symptoms.
- Think about the things you’ll need to do before, during, and after a pandemic and how you can do them. Plan to put important items like your ID or house keys in a small bag that you can hang around your neck so you don’t lose them.
- People with certain physical disabilities (spinal cord injury/dysfunction (SCI/D), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), cerebral palsy and stroke) may be at greater risk of severe illness and pneumonia if they develop COVID-19. Consult a doctor about how best to prepare for a pandemic with your disability.
- Store hearing aid(s) and external speech processor(s) for your implants where you can easily find them after a disaster. You can keep them in a container and attach the container to a nightstand or bedpost. Missing or damaged hearing devices may be difficult to replace or fix during a pandemic.
- People who are deaf or hard of hearing face a lot of barriers in accessing information. During COVID, they have often been unable to access vital information such as updates and briefings from the government and facts about COVID. People in the deaf community should advocate now, before the next pandemic, and ask for accessible public health information.
- Remote Working: Working from home is often better for people with disabilities. However, during COVID, many people with disabilities weren’t fully included in a remote work environment. Now, before the next pandemic, is the best time to ask for policies and technologies that include everyone.
- Create a safety plan for your mental health. The plan should include clear steps to follow when you’re in crisis.
- Think about the reactions you may have during a pandemic. You may be confused, feel anxious or panicky, or have problems sleeping. Plan how you’ll deal with your emotions.
- You can use DIY coping strategies. You can also make a plan to reach out to your support network and/or therapist.
- Be sure to get contact details for a back-up therapist in case your usual provider is unavailable.
- Prepare for the possibility of schools, workplaces, and community centers being closed. Look into what you will need for virtual school, work, and social activities.
- Remote Learning: Learning from home can be tough for deaf students and deaf parents who are helping their kids, especially if the materials they need aren’t accessible.
- Everyone – students, families, educators, administrators, and policymakers – should work together to make sure all students who are deaf or hard of hearing have what they need to learn in case of another pandemic. Check out tips for helping students with hearing loss in virtual and in-person learning settings. (Link to: https://www.asha.org/aud/tips-for-helping-students-with-hearing-loss-in-virtual-and-in-person-learning-settings/)
- Everyone – students, families, educators, administrators, and policymakers – should work together to make sure all blind or low vision students have what they need to learn in case of another pandemic. Check out helpful education resources from The American Foundation for the Blind.
- Remote Learning: Learning from home can be tough for deaf students and deaf parents who are helping their kids, especially if the materials they need aren’t accessible.
- Review your health insurance policies to understand what they cover, including telemedicine options.
- Create password-protected digital copies of important documents. Store them in a safe place. Watch out for scams and fraud.
- In the event of a power outage during a pandemic, talk to your utility providers about your needs in advance, especially for life-support devices (home dialysis, suction, breathing machines, etc.)
- If you receive dialysis, chemotherapy, or other life-sustaining medical treatments, ask your health care provider where you should go or what you should do for treatment if your usual clinic isn’t available during a pandemic.
- Consult a doctor: Hearing and visual challenges can have a big impact on your ability to respond to emergencies. If you haven’t recently (or ever) addressed your hearing or vision loss, consider hearing aids and/or glasses.
- Check out emergency preparedness tips for people with Alzheimer’s and dementia).
- Plan ahead for accessible transportation. Transportation, like buses, may not be running normally. Check with local transit providers as well as with your support network to identify appropriate accessible options. You can also receive transportation assistance through Nevada 211 or learn more by contacting us at the Northern Nevada Center for Independent Living.
- Get your benefits electronically. A pandemic could delay mail service for days or weeks. If you depend on Social Security or other regular benefits, switch to electronic payments. It’s an easy way to protect yourself financially before disaster strikes.
Stay Safe
During a Pandemic
- Follow the latest guidelines from the CDC. Check with local and state public health departments for vaccine and testing updates.
Get vaccinated. Vaccines stimulate your immune system to produce antibodies, so vaccines actually prevent diseases.
The Disability Information and Access Line (DIAL) is now available to help people with disabilities get vaccinated. If you need help finding a local vaccination location and making an appointment or assistance with accessible transportation:
Call: (888) 677-1199 or Email: DIAL@n4a.org
- Learn More
- Take actions to prevent the spread of disease.
- If you believe you’ve been exposed to the disease, contact your doctor, follow the quarantine instructions from medical providers, and monitor your symptoms. If you’re experiencing a medical emergency, call 9-1-1 and shelter in place if possible until help arrives.
- Continue medication and preventive care.
- Continue your medications and do not change your treatment plan without talking to your healthcare provider.
- When possible, keep your appointments (e.g., vaccinations and blood pressure checks) with your healthcare provider. Check with your healthcare provider about safety precautions for office visits and ask about telemedicine or virtual healthcare appointment options.
- Share accurate information about the disease with family, friends, and other people. Sharing bad information about the disease or treatments for the disease may have serious health outcomes.
- Know that it’s normal to feel anxious or stressed. Engage virtually with your community through video and phone calls. Take care of your body, and talk to someone if you’re feeling upset.
- If you’re deaf or hard of hearing, you may rely heavily on facial expressions and lipreading. Options for communicating include:
- Clear masks: For communication access, clear masks or shields are better than cloth masks, surgical masks, or N-95 masks. Keep in mind, some clear masks still block parts of the face. Clear masks may also become fogged while wearing them. You can buy liquids to help prevent or reduce fogging. A person wearing a clear mask may sound unclear or muffled; remember to speak more clearly and carefully.
- Non-clear masks with other communication strategies: Cloth or surgical masks are the most common. Be prepared to use other ways to communicate. For longer conversations, deaf and hard of hearing people should have ASL interpreters, captioning, or assistive listening systems.
- In other situations, like at a store or bank, there are different ways to communicate while wearing a non-clear mask.
- Carry a pen and paper to write a message to someone you are trying to communicate with.
- Carry a card with details that will assist in communication, like: “I am deaf/hard of hearing. Please step back.”
- Type a message on your phone and show it to the other person. Some apps show large print. Other apps include speech-to-text which automatically types out speech. Keep in mind that speech-to-text may not be accurate because speech is often muffled by masks. You should hold the microphone as close to the speaker as possible without risking safety. Don’t share phones; each person should use their own to type and show their message. Your phone should be fully charged in case you need to use it to communicate.
- Hard of hearing consumers may have portable FMs, portable hearing loops, or personal streaming devices with them and available to use.
- Another option is to stand six feet away and ask the speaker to pull their mask down to try lipreading.
- Social distancing can present unique challenges for people who are deaf or hard of hearing.
- Wear a mask. One way to encourage social distancing is to simply wear a mask. In addition to reducing the spread of a virus, masks are a visual reminder for others to keep their distance.
- Plan for multiple ways to communicate. Carry pen, paper, communication card, and use your smartphone/speech-to-text apps.
- Speak up for yourself and others. Businesses may not know that their pandemic information isn’t accessible to people who are deaf or hard of hearing. Speak up and ask people in charge to provide essential information in text format in public spaces, including options to access information in national sign languages.
- If you’re blind or have low vision, you rely heavily on touch, from using a sighted guide, cane, or guide dog, to reading tactile signs and Braille.
- Wash your hands after you use touch in public spaces.
- If you leave the house and use your cane or a guide dog, make sure you wipe down your cane or guide dog harness with a Clorox wipe or soap and water.
- Use delivery services for groceries, medications, and more.
- Social distancing can present unique challenges – and possible safety hazards – for people who are blind or have vision loss.
- Speak up. If you think someone may be coming near you, speak up. The other person may not know you’re approaching. When in public spaces, announce your presence. Use verbal cues, like: “Please let me know when I can move up in the line,” “my dog is not trained for social distancing, so please direct me, and I’ll direct him,” or “sorry for coming so close, it’s difficult to tell how far apart to be, so if you can move farther away, that would be great.”
- Wear a mask. One way to encourage social distancing is to simply wear a mask. In addition to reducing the spread of a virus, masks are a visual reminder for others to keep their distance.
- Use the white cane. Using a cane can let others know that you have a visual impairment. Using a cane may also help avoid confrontation and help you get assistance.
- Use technology. Apps like Aira and Be My Eyes, and using a phone camera for magnification, can help you maintain social distance and find your way in public areas.
- Speak up for yourself and others. Businesses may not know that their pandemic information can’t be read by blind people or those with low vision. Ask them to make their information accessible, including large print, high contrast, and color-coded signage and information that can be accessed via screen reader software, magnification, Braille, audio description, captioning, sign language, and visual interpreters.
- Wheelchair/scooter users: Use an antibacterial solution to clean wheels, brakes, and rims of a manual wheelchair throughout the day. For a power wheelchair or scooter, use an antibacterial solution to clean the joystick and any other controls, armrests, tray or any parts your hands touch.
- If you use other assistive devices, such as walkers or canes, be sure to regularly wipe those with antibacterial products, too.
- Follow the safety plan you created for your mental health, especially if you must quarantine or are under a stay-at-home order.
- Know when to ask for help. If you have a history of severe mental health symptoms or might be at risk of harming yourself or others, you can always call or text the national 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline. If you feel urgently unsafe or in danger, go to the emergency room or call 911.
- Continue medications and preventive care
- Continue your medications and do not change your treatment plan without talking to your healthcare provider.
- Follow your current treatment plan if possible (dialysis schedule, blood sugar testing, nutrition, and exercise recommendations) to keep your medical condition(s) under control.
- When possible, keep your appointments (e.g., vaccinations and blood pressure checks) with your healthcare provider. Check with your healthcare provider about safety precautions for office visits and ask about telemedicine or virtual healthcare appointment options.
- Need help getting vaccinated? Visit the Eldercare Locator to chat or browse resources, or call 800-677-1116.
- Wheelchair/scooter users: Use an antibacterial solution to clean wheels, brakes, and rims of a manual wheelchair throughout the day. For a power wheelchair or scooter, use an antibacterial solution to clean the joystick and any other controls, armrests, tray or any parts your hands touch.
- If you use other assistive devices, such as walkers or canes, be sure to regularly wipe those with antibacterial products, too.
- Continue medications and preventive care
- Continue your prescription medications (if any) and do not change your treatment plan without talking to your healthcare provider.
- When possible, keep your appointments (e.g., vaccinations and blood pressure checks) with your healthcare provider. Check with your healthcare provider about safety precautions for office visits and ask about telemedicine or virtual healthcare appointment options.
If you have to quarantine or are under a stay-at-home order:
- Take care of yourself. Try to eat healthy and get some exercise when you can — even a home workout and deep breathing can make a difference to relieve stress.
- Take care of your pets and/or service/support animals, too.
- Reach out to your personal support network. Talk to someone you trust about how you’re doing.
- Limit how much you watch/read the news.
- Establish and maintain a routine. Try to eat meals at regular times and put yourself on a sleep schedule to ensure an adequate amount of rest.
People with caregivers should consider these tips:
- Ask caregivers to wear masks when they enter and work with you in your home.
- Have them wash their hands when they arrive and each time before touching you.
- Ask caregivers to be vigilant about not touching their faces or yours.
- Have them check their temperatures before arrival.
- Ask caregivers not to come to your house if they aren’t well, including if they have symptoms such as a cough or temperature of 100.4 F or higher, or if they have a known exposure to someone who’s sick.
- Plan ahead to find someone who can help you or your pets and/or service/support animals if your caregiver gets sick or isn’t able to assist you.
- If your usual caregiver is unavailable:
- Plan on backup caregivers and prepare others from your support network you may need to rely on in an emergency.
- Identify people to assist with groceries or have meals delivered to your home.
- Identify a way to get medications and other supplies in a timely manner.
Caregiver Checklist
Keep a close eye on those in your care. If you can’t visit them, check in by phone at least twice a day, and ask yourself these questions:
- Are they staying hydrated?
- Do they have enough food?
- Are they following the latest guidelines from the CDC?
- Are they taking prescription medications regularly if needed?
Recover
After a Pandemic
- Continue taking protective actions, like:
- Staying home when you’re sick (except to get medical care).
- Following the guidance of your doctor.
- Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue.
- Washing your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
- Be sure to evaluate your emergency plan and make timely updates.
- Talk with your community. Talk about the lessons you learned from the COVID pandemic. Decide how you can use these experiences to be more prepared for future pandemics.
- Take Care of Yourself
- It’s normal to have bad feelings, stress, or anxiety. Eat healthy food and get enough sleep to help you deal with stress.
- You can contact the Disaster Distress Helpline for free if you need to talk to someone. Call or text 1-800-985-5990. ‘
Additional Resources
Ready.gov – Pandemics & People with Disabilities
Seasonal spikes in COVID-19 have become the new normal. The links below provide information from local and national sources about the latest COVID information:
Nevada Division of Emergency Management / Homeland Security
Southern Nevada Health District
Carson City Health & Human Services, COVID Updates for Carson City, Douglas County, Lyon County, and Storey County